STUDY GUIDE

 

 

 

 

for
Ray Summer's
Essentials of New Testament Greek
revised by
Thomas Sawyer

 

 

 

 

Curtis K. McClain, Jr., Ph.D.

LESSON 1

1.1 Know the small letters in order.

1.3        e           o          are always short
            h          w          are always long
            a, i, u                can be either

1.4 All diphthongs are long in tone except ai and oi when they are final in the word.

1.5        a. Liquid Consonants                            l, m, n, r

b. Mute Consonants

                                           Smooth             Middle              Rough
Palatal (Guttural)                    k                      g                      c
Labial                                      p                      b                      f
Dental                                     t                       d                      q

c. Sibilant Consonants               z, x, s, y

Double Consonants

                                                      d     +  s  =  z
Palatal                                  {k, g, c}     +  s  =  x
Labial                                   {p, b, f}     +  s  =  y

LESSON 3

3.2.a Tense has to do with the kind of action (linear, simple, complete) and the time of action (past, present, future).

TENSE

Past

Present

Future

Linear

Imperfect

Present

*Pres/*Fut

Simple

Aorist

*Aor/*Pres

Future

Complete

Pluperfect

Perfect

Future Perfect

3.2.b Voice indicates the relationship of the subject to the action.

3.2.c Mood indicates the relationship of the action to reality.

The indicative mood is that mood which affirms the reality of the action from the viewpoint of the speaker.

3.2 PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE (PAI)
            Stem  +  PAE

Primary Active Endings (PAE)

Person/Number

Singular

Plural

1st Person

- w

- omen

2nd Person

- ei"

- ete

3rd Person

- ei

- ousi(n)

Infinitive

- ein

The present and imperfect tenses are formed from the first principal part which is the lexical form.

LESSON 4

SECOND  DECLENSION  ENDINGS

 

Singular

Plural

 

Case

M & F

N

M & F

N

Case

Nom

o"

on

oi

a

Nom

GA

ou

ou

wn

wn

GA

LID

w/

w/

oi"

oi"

LID

Acc

on

on

ou"

a

Acc

Voc

e

on

oi

a

Voc

4.5 Form is a matter of inflection while case is function.

FORM

CASE

BASIC IDEA

o", oi (on, a)

Nominative

Designation

ou, wn

Genitive

Descriptive

 

Ablative

Separation

w/, oi"

Locative

Location

 

Instrumental

Means

 

Dative

Personal Interest

on, ou" (on, a)

Accusative

Limitation

e, oi (on, a)

Vocative

Address

A substantive which occurs with the definite article is articular while without the article it is anarthrous.

The first declension is the a declension; the second declension is the o declension; and the third declension is the consonant declension.

LESSON 5

4.3 & 5.3  THE  DEFINITE  ARTICLE

 

Singular

Plural

 

Case

Mas

Fem

Neu

Mas

Fem

Neu

Case

Nom

oJ

hJ

tov

oiJ

aiJ

tav

Nom

GA

tou'

th"

tou'

tw'n

tw'n

tw'n

GA

LID

tw'/

th'/

tw'/

toi'"

tai'"

toi'"

LID

Acc

tovn

thvn

tov

tou'"

tav"

tav

Acc

THE  DEFINITE  ARTICLE

5.4  FIRST  DECLENSION  ENDINGS

 

Fem Sing

Mas Sing

All

 

Case

e,i,r

comb

other

e,i,r

other

All

Case

Nom

a

a

h

a"

h"

ai

Nom

GA

a"

h"

h"

ou

ou

wn

GA

LID

a/

h/

h/

a/

h/

ai"

LID

Acc

an

an

hn

an

hn

a"

Acc

Voc

a

a

h

a

a

ai

Voc

LESSON 6

6.2 Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in case, gender and number.

6.4 Adjectives may be used three ways: attributively, predicatively and substantivally.

Attributive--attributes a quality to a noun

oJ ajgaqoV" lovgo"
oJ lovgo" oJ ajgaqov"                                   the good word

Predicate--makes an assertion about a noun

oJ lovgo" ajgaqov"
ajgaqoV" oJ lovgo"                         the word is good

Substantive--adjective used as a noun

LESSON 8

8.3 A preposition is a word which is used to help substantives express their case function.  The function of the case is much older than the preposition.

8.5 Prepositions ending in a vowel (except periv and prov) drop the vowel when the next word begins with a vowel.

Before a rough breathing mark t & p become q & f.

LESSON 9

9.3 A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number.

9.3.c Special uses of aujtov":
            attributive position--"same"
            predicate position--"himself"

9.4 The Being Verb (eijmiv) has no voice and takes a complement (nominative) rather than an object (accusative).

LESSON 10

10.2      Near demonstrative pronoun - ou%to"
            Far demonstrative pronoun - ejkei'no"

10.3 The demonstrative pronouns will stand in the predicate position but will be translated attributively.

10.4 A neuter plural subject practically always has its verb in the singular.

LESSON 11

11.2 In the present, imperfect, and perfect tenses, the middle and passive voices are the same in form, but different in function.  The aorist and future tenses have different forms for the middle and passive voices.

                  Active Voice     =  subject ® action ® object
                 Middle Voice     =  subject ¬ action ® object
                Passive Voice     =  subject ¬ action ¬agency

11.3 PRESENT  MIDDLE/PASSIVE  INDICATIVE  (PM/PI)
            Stem  +  PM/PE

Primary Middle/Passive Endings (PM/PE)

Person/Number

Singular

Plural

1st Person

- omai

- omeqa

2nd Person

- h/